ABSTRACT
As abelhas africanas (Apis mellifera scutellata) foram introduzidas no Brasil na década de 1950 e, por acidente, cruzaram com outras subespécies de abelhas melíferas europeias. Isso proporcionou o surgimento de híbridos conhecidos atualmente como abelhas africanizadas, que possuem características de rusticidade e maior capacidade de enxamear. A Amazônia mostra potencial para o desenvolvimento da apicultura devido suas características e diversidade floral. Neste sentido, este estudo busca reunir produções científicas sobre apicultura na Amazônia brasileira nos últimos 22 anos, por meio da metodologia de revisão sistemática de literatura, o objetivo é mostrar como tal tema tem sido abordado nas pesquisas. Neste cenário as publicações têm se mostrado crescentes, o que demonstra a tentativa de alinhamento com a Iniciativa Internacional para a Conservação e Uso Sustentável dos polinizadores. Entretanto, os resultados apontam muitas lacunas na produção apícola como, por exemplo, a área de pesquisas higiênico- sanitárias sobre combate de parasitas nas colmeias. No âmbito socioeconômico, as deficiências são ainda mais evidentes pela falta de pesquisas sobre políticas de financiamento da atividade, análises da cadeia de valor entre outros temas. Diante da importância econômica, social e ambiental das abelhas é de suma importância o aprofundamento dos estudos acadêmicos sobre apicultura na Amazônia.(AU)
African bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) were introduced in Brazil in the 1950s and, by accident, crossed with other subspecies of European honey bees. This led to the emergence of hybrids today known as Africanized bees, which have characteristics of rusticity and greater swarming capacity. The Amazonia shows potential for the development beekeeping due to its characteristics and floral diversity. Thus, this study brings together scientific productions on beekeeping in the Brazilian Amazonia in the last 22 years, using the methodology of systematic literature review, the objective is to illustrate how this theme has been addressed in research. In this context, publications have been growing, which demonstrates the attempt to align with the International Initiative for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of pollinators. However, the results point to many gaps in bee production, such as the area of hygienic-sanitary research in combating parasites in hives. In the scope of socioeconomics, the deficiencies are even more evident by the lack of research on policies for financing the activity, analysis of the value chain, among other topics. Given the economic, social and environmental importance of bees, it is extremely important to deepen academic studies on beekeeping in Amazonia.(AU)
Las abejas africanas (Apis mellifera scutellata) se introdujeron en Brasil en la década de 1950 y, por accidente, se cruzaron con otras subespecies de abejas europeas. Esto propició el surgimiento de híbridos hoy conocidos como abejas africanizadas, que tienen características de rusticidad y mayor capacidad de enjambrar. La Amazonía muestra potencial para el desarrollo apícola por sus características y diversidad floral. Así, este estudio reúne las producciones científicas sobre la apicultura en la Amazonía brasileña en los últimos 22 años, utilizando la metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura, el objetivo es ilustrar cómo este tema ha sido abordado en la investigación. En este contexto, las publicaciones han ido en aumento, lo que demuestra el intento de alinearse con la Iniciativa Internacional para la Conservación y Uso Sostenible de polinizadores. Sin embargo, los resultados apuntan a muchas lagunas en la producción apícola, como el área de investigación higiénico-sanitaria en el combate a los parásitos en las colmenas. En el ámbito de la socioeconomía, las deficiencias son aún más evidentes por la falta de investigación sobre políticas de financiamiento de la actividad, análisis de la cadena de valor, entre otros temas. Dada la importancia económica, social y ambiental de las abejas, es de suma importancia profundizar los estudios académicos sobre la apicultura en la Amazonía.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Amazonian Ecosystem , Beekeeping/methods , BeesABSTRACT
Elephant grass silages have high moisture content, causing nutrient loss, mainly by effluent production. The use of moisture absorbent additives, such as patauá, Oenocarpus bataua meal, can be a strategy to reduce losses in these silages. The aim of this study was to determine the fermentation losses, microbiological composition, fermentative characteristics, and chemical composition of elephant grass silage with increasing levels of inclusion of patauá meal. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four concentrations of patauá meal (7%, 14%, 21%, and 28%, based on fresh matter) and a control without patauá, and five replicates. The elephant grass was collected manually after 60 days of growth. After chopping, the grass was homogenized, mixed with the patauá meal according to the established treatments, and ensiled in experimental silos of 15 L. The inclusion of patauá meal in elephant grass silage had positive effects on the chemical composition and effluent loss. It significantly increased dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, nitrogen insoluble in neutral detergent and acid, ethereal extract, lignin, and non-fibrous carbohydrates of the silages. It also reduced effluent losses, neutral and acid detergent fiber contents, and cellulose. Our findings contribute towards reducing the environmental impact caused by the production of effluents during ensilage of tropical grasses and providing a potential use for the residue from the production of patauá oil, thus avoiding disposal in the environment. (AU)